Один из самых информативных и достоверных методов НК – рентгенографический контроль. Данный метод повсеместно применяется для диагностики таких объектов, как трубопроводы различных диаметров, металлоконструкции, технологическое оборудование, изделия из композитов и пр.

Для получения первичной информации об исследуемом объекте проводится визуальный и измерительный контроль (ВИК). ВИК направлен на то, чтобы проверить качество заготовок под сварку, а также оценить качество самих сварных соединений. Внешний осмотр – неотъемлемая часть технической диагностики. Он проводится независимо от того, применяются ли иные методы НК.

Один из ключевых методов неразрушающего контроля, ультразвуковая дефектоскопия позволяет судить о надёжности сварных конструкций. Он направлен на то, чтобы проверить качество сварки, от которой напрямую зависит рабочий ресурс технологических и магистральных трубопроводов, несущих опор, оборудования и т.д. Неразрушающий контроль проводится для того, чтобы пресечь ввод в эксплуатацию конструкций, в сварных соединениях которых имеются недопустимые дефекты.

В основе капиллярной дефектоскопии лежит способность специальных жидкостей (пенетрантов) к проникновению в дефекты. Полученное контрастное изображение позволяет судить о состоянии исследуемого материала. Данный метод позволяет выявлять поверхностные дефекты в изделиях из неметаллов и сплавов, недоступных для магнитного метода.

Ультразвуковая толщинометрия по праву считается одним из наиболее достоверных способов технической диагностики металлоконструкций. Погрешность при получении результатов незначительна. Это очень практичный способ быстро и точно оценить техническое состояние объекта и предупредить возникновение аварийных ситуаций. Данный метод контроля привлекателен тем, что не предполагает какого-либо вреда для эксплуатируемых объектов.

Одна из главных характеристик, по которым можно судить о реальном состоянии металла и сплавов, – это их твёрдость. Этот метод контроля служит одним из самых распространённых методов технической диагностики.

Основным путем реализации тепловизионного метода является создание аппаратурных средств, обеспечивающих преобразование температурного распределения или инфракрасного излучения в видимое изображение. Реализация возможностей тепловизионного метода, обеспечивающего как выявление внутренних дефектов в различных объектах, так и эффективного решения проблемы «ночного видения», обнаружения скрытых или замаскированных объектов или осуществление поисковых мероприятий в сложных метеоусловиях, обусловила создание широкого спектра тепловизионных аппаратурных средств: портативных, мобильных, стационарных.

Магнитный толщиномер покрытий МТ-2007 предназначен для измерения толщины лакокрасочных, гальванических, огнезащитных и любых других немагнитных токопроводящих и непроводящих покрытий на ферромагнитных (сталь, чугун и пр.) основаниях.

Магнитопорошковая дефектоскопия (МПД) в системе неразрушающих методов контроля занимает одно из ведущих мест. Это связано с ее высокой чувствительностью к поверхностным и подповерхностным дефектам, простотой, универсальностью и наглядностью представления результатов контроля.

Вакуумно-пузырьковый метод контроля позволяет выявлять сквозные дефекты. При контроле данным способом, со стороны проверяемого участка сварного соединения, смоченного индикаторным раствором, устанавливается вакуум-камера и в ней создается разрежение. Благодаря образующемуся при этом перепаду давления, атмосферный воздух проникает через сквозные дефекты, вызывая их пузырьковую индикацию.

Электроискровой метод контроля — метод электрического неразрушающего контроля, основанный на регистрации возникновения электрического пробоя и (или) изменений его параметров в окружающий объект контроля среде или его участке.

Вихретоковый контроль – метод неразрушающего контроля для проверки изделий из токопроводящих материалов на наличие поверхностных дефектов (трещин, волосовин, закатов, надрывов и др.), основанный на взаимодействии внешнего электромагнитного поля с электромагнитным полем вихревых токов, наводимых в объекте контроля этим полем.

Спектральный анализ широко используется в различных отраслях промышленности и науки, и служит универсальным инструментом, который позволяет точно и оперативно исследовать элементный состав вещества. Эта информация необходима для правильного ведения технологических процессов, контроля качества исходных материалов, промежуточного и готового продуктов, а также позволяет создавать новые материалы с заданными качествами.

Металлографический метод контроля – это комплекс испытаний и аналитических мероприятий, направленный на изучение макроструктуры и микроструктуры металлов, исследование закономерности образования структуры и зависимостей влияния структуры на механические, физико – механические и другие свойства металла.

Адгезия – это устойчивость к отслаиванию однослойного или многослойного антикоррозионного покрытия к окрашиваемой поверхности и/или между слоями. Поэтому при монтажных работах по устройству изоляции проводится контроль адгезии, изучается вопрос о соответствии изоляционного покрытия с типом трубопровода и климатом, в котором будет проложена магистраль. Несоответствие может повлечь тепловые потери, ранний износ труб, что потребует дополнительных экономических вложений.

Гидравлическое испытание — необходимая процедура, свидетельствующая о надёжности оборудования и трубопроводов, работающих под давлением, в течение всего срока их службы, что крайне важно, учитывая серьёзную опасность для жизни и здоровья людей в случае их неисправностей и аварий

Под термином «электробезопасность» понимается система организационных и технических мероприятий и средств, обеспечивающих защиту людей от вредного и опасного воздействия электрического тока, электрической дуги, электромагнитного поля и статического электричества. Одним из мероприятий является проведение контроля электробезопасности электроприборов.

Контроль за состоянием лестниц заключается в периодической проверке прочности их несущих элементов, узлов сопряжения лестниц

Методы неразрушающего контроля

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