Radiographic testing is one of the most informative and reliable DNT methods. This method is overall used for diagnostic such facilities as pipelines of various diameters, metal constructions, technological equipment, products made from composites and so on.

Visual and measurement testing is performed to obtain initial information about the object under inspection (VMT). VMT is directed at testing of blank parts quality for melding and also evaluation of welded joints quality. External expertise is an integral part of technical diagnostics. It is performed not depending on using other DNT methods.

Ultrasonic testing- Based on the use of elastic vibrations mainly ultrasonic frequencies. Basic methods: shadow, resonance, impedance, free oscillations, ehometod...

Control penetrant- based on the use of elastic vibrations mainly ultrasonic frequencies. Basic methods: shadow, resonance, impedance, free oscillations, ehometod...

Ultrasonic thickness- Based on the use of elastic vibrations mainly ultrasonic frequencies. Basic methods: shadow, resonance, impedance, free oscillations, ehometod...

Mechanical testing of materials- Based on the use of elastic vibrations mainly ultrasonic frequencies. Basic methods: shadow, resonance, impedance, free oscillations, ehometod...

Basic by realization of thermal imaging testing is creation of apparatus facilities, providing transformation of the temperature distributing or infrared to the visible image. Realization of possibilities of thermal imaging testing, providing both the exposure of internal defects in different objects and effective decision of problem of «nightly vision», findings out the hidden or disguised objects or realization of searching measures are in difficult weather terms, stipulated creation of wide spectrum of thermal-imaging of apparatus facilities: portable, mobile, stationary.

Magnetic coating thickness gauge MT-2007 is designed to measure thickness of paint and lacquer, electroplating, fire-retardant, and any other non-magnetic current conducting and non-conducting coatings on ferromagnetic (steel, cast iron etc.) foundations.

Magnetic particle testing (MPT) is high on the list in the system of non-destructive testing methods. This is due to its high-speed response to surface and subsurface defects, simplicity, flexibility and clear presentation of testing results.

The vacuum-bubble testing method allows to detect penetraion defects. When testing by this method, a vacuum chamber is installed on the side of the test section of the welded joint moistened with indicator solution, and negative pressure is generated in a chamber. Due to the generated differential pressure, atmospheric air penetrates through-and-through defects, causing their bubble indication.

Spark testing method is a method of electrical non-destructive testing based on recording electricalbreakdowns and (or) changes in the parameters of the test item in the environment or at the section.

Вихретоковый контроль – метод неразрушающего контроля для проверки изделий из токопроводящих материалов на наличие поверхностных дефектов (трещин, волосовин, закатов, надрывов и др.), основанный на взаимодействии внешнего электромагнитного поля с электромагнитным полем вихревых токов, наводимых в объекте контроля этим полем.

Спектральный анализ широко используется в различных отраслях промышленности и науки, и служит универсальным инструментом, который позволяет точно и оперативно исследовать элементный состав вещества. Эта информация необходима для правильного ведения технологических процессов, контроля качества исходных материалов, промежуточного и готового продуктов, а также позволяет создавать новые материалы с заданными качествами.

Металлографический метод контроля – это комплекс испытаний и аналитических мероприятий, направленный на изучение макроструктуры и микроструктуры металлов, исследование закономерности образования структуры и зависимостей влияния структуры на механические, физико – механические и другие свойства металла.

Адгезия – это устойчивость к отслаиванию однослойного или многослойного антикоррозионного покрытия к окрашиваемой поверхности и/или между слоями. Поэтому при монтажных работах по устройству изоляции проводится контроль адгезии, изучается вопрос о соответствии изоляционного покрытия с типом трубопровода и климатом, в котором будет проложена магистраль. Несоответствие может повлечь тепловые потери, ранний износ труб, что потребует дополнительных экономических вложений.

Гидравлическое испытание — необходимая процедура, свидетельствующая о надёжности оборудования и трубопроводов, работающих под давлением, в течение всего срока их службы, что крайне важно, учитывая серьёзную опасность для жизни и здоровья людей в случае их неисправностей и аварий

Под термином «электробезопасность» понимается система организационных и технических мероприятий и средств, обеспечивающих защиту людей от вредного и опасного воздействия электрического тока, электрической дуги, электромагнитного поля и статического электричества. Одним из мероприятий является проведение контроля электробезопасности электроприборов.

Контроль за состоянием лестниц заключается в периодической проверке прочности их несущих элементов, узлов сопряжения лестниц

Methods of nondestructive testing

Concrete Flexural Testing

Flexural testing of concrete is a mechanical testing method used to determine the flexural strength of concrete. This parameter is crucial for structures exposed to significant bending stresses, such as beams, slabs, and road surfaces. Flexural testing helps assess the brittleness of the material and its resistance to crack formation.

Method Description
1. Sample Preparation
• For flexural testing, standard prismatic samples of 100x100x400 mm or 150x150x600 mm are typically used, made from the same concrete as the structure being tested. The samples are cured, typically for 28 days, to allow the concrete to achieve standard strength.
2. Testing Process
• The sample is placed on two supports spaced a specified distance apart, creating a “primary bending point” at the center.
• A load is applied to the central part of the sample (from above) or at two points for three-point or four-point bending tests, respectively.
• The load is gradually increased until the sample fails.
3. Measured Parameters
• Flexural Strength: This is the main parameter determined, calculated as the ratio of the maximum load that caused the failure to the cross-sectional area of the sample. Flexural strength is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
• The nature of the failure is also recorded, which can indicate the concrete’s resistance to cracking and deformation.
4. Testing Conditions
• To ensure accuracy and reproducibility, the test is conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, maintaining standard temperature and humidity levels.

Application of the Method
Flexural testing is an important part of assessing the quality of concrete, especially for structures exposed to bending stresses and requiring high crack resistance. The results of flexural tests provide insights into the material’s durability and its ability to perform under load, and help in decisions regarding the further use or recycling of the concrete.